With this lecture, Renaud Adam proposes to evoke the problem of book censorship in the 15th and 16th centuries in the former Low Countries, from the appearance of the printing press to the reign of Philip II. This period was marked by the advent of the Reformation, which had serious consequences for the book market. This communication will be an opportunity not only to study the evolution of legislation on heresy, but also to review the staging of repression in the book ecosystem. The effectiveness and impact of these measures on the transmission of texts to date will be presented as well.